Organic Chemistry Labs
Distribution Coefficients
The distribution coefficient, also known as the partition coefficient, is a fundamental concept in chemistry used to predict the distribution of a solute between two immiscible phases; aqueous phase and organic phase. This experiment aims to demonstrate the principles of distribution coefficients by performing a separation of two organic acids, crotonic acid and benzoic acid, be...
Acids and Bases 🧪🧪🧪
The principles of acid-base chemistry, as defined by the Bronsted-Lowry theory, play a fundamental role in understanding the behavior of molecules in various environments.This theory postulates that acids are substances capable of donating protons (H+ ions), while bases are substances that can accept these protons. This proton exchange, in turn, triggers transformative shifts wi...
Melting Points 🧪🧪🧪
The determination of melting points is a pivotal technique in organic chemistry that provides valuable insights into the purity and identity of a substance. The physical property of melting point is influenced by various intermolecular forces that dictate the interactions between molecules within a solid substance. These intermolecular forces include London Dispersion forces, Di...
Crystallization 🧪🧪🧪
The process of crystallization involves the precise manipulation of solubility and temperature, offering a powerful tool to separate and purify individual chemicals from their mixtures. The choice of solvent plays a pivotal role in this technique, as solvents exhibit varying solubility behaviors at different temperatures. This method finds particular utility when aiming to purif...
Extraction 🧪🧪🧪
Extraction is a fundamental technique employed in chemistry to isolate specific components from complex mixtures. Caffeine, a well-known alkaloid, is often found in beverages alongside various other compounds. Through the use of separation methods, caffeine can be extracted from its natural matrix and subsequently purified. However, caffeine in its pure form has a sublimation te...
Distillation 🧪🧪🧪
The process of distillation stands as one of the foundational techniques in the field of organic chemistry, employed for separating mixtures and purifying compounds based on their varying boiling points. Two distinct distillation methods exist: simple distillation and fractional distillation. Simple distillation involves heating a liquid mixture to its boiling point and collecti...